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<title>Aphelininae</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aphelininae</span></h1>

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<th>Aphelininae

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<p><i>Paraphytis bannaensis</i>

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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>

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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Insekten" title="Insekten">Insekten</a> (Insecta)

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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Hautfl%C3%BCgler" title="Hautflügler">Hautflügler</a> (Hymenoptera)

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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Unterordnung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Taillenwespen" title="Taillenwespen">Taillenwespen</a> (Apocrita)

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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Überfamilie</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Erzwespen" title="Erzwespen">Erzwespen</a> (Chalcidoidea)

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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Aphelinidae" title="Aphelinidae">Aphelinidae</a>

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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Unterfamilie</a>:</i>

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<td>Aphelininae

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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>

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<td class="taxo-name">Aphelininae

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<td class="Person"><a href="Carl_Gustaf_Thomson" title="Carl Gustaf Thomson">Thomson</a>, 1876

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<p>Die <b>Aphelininae</b> bilden eine <a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Unterfamilie</a> der <a href="Erzwespen" title="Erzwespen">Erzwespenfamilie</a> <a href="Aphelinidae" title="Aphelinidae">Aphelinidae</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merkmale">Merkmale</h2></div>

<p>Innerhalb der Aphelinidae zeichnen sich die Vertreter der Unterfamilie durch 6 <a href="F%C3%BChler_(Biologie)" title="Fühler (Biologie)">Fühlerglieder</a> aus, darunter 3 Funikularglieder und ein Keulenglied.<sup id="cite_ref-stringer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stringer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heraty_2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraty_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weiterhin weisen die <a href="Fl%C3%BCgel_(Insekt)" title="Flügel (Insekt)">Vorderflügel</a> gewöhnlich eine <i>linea calva</i> auf.<sup id="cite_ref-stringer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stringer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-heraty_2015_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraty_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die 5-gliedrigen <a href="Tarsus_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Tarsus (Gliederfüßer)">Tarsen</a> weisen einen abstehenden, gebogenen und bifiden Sporn auf.<sup id="cite_ref-heraty_2015_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heraty_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbreitung">Verbreitung</h2></div>

<p>Die Unterfamilie ist <a href="Kosmopolit_(Biologie)" title="Kosmopolit (Biologie)">kosmopolitisch</a> verbreitet.<sup id="cite_ref-nhm_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lebensweise">Lebensweise</h2></div>

<p>Die Erzwespen-Unterfamilie besitzt ein breites Wirtsspektrum. Viele Vertreter sind <a href="Parasitoid" title="Parasitoid">Parasitoide</a> von <a href="Blattl%C3%A4use" title="Blattläuse">Blattläusen</a> und <a href="Schildl%C3%A4use" title="Schildläuse">Schildläusen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhm_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Innere_Systematik">Innere Systematik</h2></div>

<p>Die Aphelininae werden in drei <a href="Tribus_(Biologie)" title="Tribus (Biologie)">Tribus</a> gegliedert.<sup id="cite_ref-kim_2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim_2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhm_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Aphelinini

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<ul><li><i>Aphelinus</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">

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</style><span class="Person h-card">Dalman</span>, 1820 – 97 Arten</li>

<li><i>Protaphelinus</i> <span class="Person h-card">Mackauer</span>, 1972 – 1 Art (<i>P. nikolskajae</i>)</li></ul>

<p>Aphytini

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<ul><li><i>Aphytis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Howard</span>, 1900 – 99 Arten</li>

<li><i>Botryoideclava</i> <span class="Person h-card">Subba Rao</span>, 1980 – 2 Arten</li>

<li><i>Centrodora</i> <span class="Person h-card">Foerster</span>, 1878 – 63 Arten</li>

<li><i>Glaesaphytis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Burks & Heraty</span>, 2015 – 1 Art (<i>G. interregni</i>)</li>

<li><i>Hirtaphelinus</i> <span class="Person h-card">Hayat</span>, 1983 – 1 Art (<i>H. smetanai</i>)</li>

<li><i>Marietta</i> <span class="Person h-card">Motschulsky</span>, 1863 – 21 Arten</li>

<li><i>Marlattiella</i> <span class="Person h-card">Howard</span>, 1907 – 2 Arten</li>

<li><i>Neophytis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Kim & Heraty</span>, 2012 – 4 Arten</li>

<li><i>Paraphytis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Compere</span>, 1925 – 27 Arten</li>

<li><i>Proaphelinoides</i> <span class="Person h-card">Girault</span>, 1917 – 7 Arten</li>

<li><i>Punkaphytis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Kim & Heraty</span>, 2012 – 2 Arten</li>

<li><i>Wallaceaphytis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Polaszek & Fusu</span>, 2013 – 1 Art (<i>W. kikiae</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Polaszek_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polaszek-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>Eutrichosomellini

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<ul><li><i>Eutrichosomella</i> <span class="Person h-card">Girault</span>, 1915 – 11 Arten</li>

<li><i>Mashimaro</i> <span class="Person h-card">Kim & Heraty</span>, 2012 – 2 Arten</li>

<li><i>Saengella</i> <span class="Person h-card">Kim & Heraty</span>, 2012 – 1 Art (<i>S. gloria</i>)</li>

<li><i>Samariola</i> <span class="Person h-card">Hayat</span>, 1983 – 1 Art (<i>S. camerounensis</i>)</li>

<li><i>Umairia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Hayat</span>, 2014 – 3 Arten</li>

<li><i>Zubairia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Hayat</span>, 2014 – 1 Art (<i>Z. mirifica</i>)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-stringer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stringer_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-stringer_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Danielle Stringer, Sarah Mantel, John Jennings, Andrew D. Austin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262008500_Family_APHELINIDAE"><i>Familiy Aphelinidae.</i></a> Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, and the School of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, Juli 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2. Mai 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAphelininae&rft.title=Familiy+Aphelinidae&rft.description=Familiy+Aphelinidae&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F262008500_Family_APHELINIDAE&rft.creator=Danielle+Stringer%2C+Sarah+Mantel%2C+John+Jennings%2C+Andrew+D.+Austin&rft.publisher=Australian+Centre+for+Evolutionary+Biology+and+Biodiversity%2C+and+the+School+of+Earth+and+Environmental+Science%2C+The+University+of+Adelaide%2C+South+Australia%2C+Australia&rft.date=2012-07&rft.language=en"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-heraty_2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heraty_2015_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heraty_2015_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heraty_2015_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">John M. Heraty: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280105372_Pteromalidae"><i>Aphelinidae.</i></a> In: <i>The Greenland Entomofauna: An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies.</i> Jens Böcher, Niels P. Kristensen, Thomas Pape & Lars Vilhelmsen, 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">S. 168–169</span>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2. Mai 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAphelininae&rft.title=Aphelinidae&rft.description=Aphelinidae&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F280105372_Pteromalidae&rft.creator=John+M.+Heraty&rft.publisher=Jens+B%C3%B6cher%2C+Niels+P.+Kristensen%2C+Thomas+Pape+%26+Lars+Vilhelmsen&rft.date=2015&rft.language=en"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-nhm-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nhm_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nhm_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nhm_3-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/chalcidoids/database/index.dsml"><i>Universal Chalcidoidea Database.</i></a> In: <i>Natural History Museum (www.nhm.ac.uk).</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 2. Mai 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAphelininae&rft.title=Universal+Chalcidoidea+Database&rft.description=Universal+Chalcidoidea+Database&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Four-science%2Fdata%2Fchalcidoids%2Fdatabase%2Findex.dsml&rft.language=en"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-kim_2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kim_2012_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Jung-Wook Kim & John Heraty: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escholarship.org/content/qt3f10991f/qt3f10991f.pdf?t=mxnaj5"><i>A phylogenetic analysis of the genera of Aphelininae (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with a generic key and descriptions of new taxa.</i></a> In: <i>Systematic Entomology, 37.</i> 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">S. 497–549</span>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2. Mai 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAphelininae&rft.title=A+phylogenetic+analysis+of+the+genera+of+Aphelininae+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29%2C+with+a+generic+key+and+descriptions+of+new+taxa&rft.description=A+phylogenetic+analysis+of+the+genera+of+Aphelininae+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29%2C+with+a+generic+key+and+descriptions+of+new+taxa&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fcontent%2Fqt3f10991f%2Fqt3f10991f.pdf%3Ft%3Dmxnaj5&rft.creator=Jung-Wook+Kim+%26+John+Heraty&rft.date=2012&rft.language=en"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Polaszek-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Polaszek_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Andrew Polaszak, Thomas Ayshford, Bakhtiar Effendi Yahya & Lucian Fusu: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222933.2013.852264"><i>Wallaceaphytis: an unusual new genus of parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from Borneo.</i></a> In: <i>Journal of Natural History, Vol. 48.</i> 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">S. 1111–1123</span>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2. Mai 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAphelininae&rft.title=Wallaceaphytis%3A+an+unusual+new+genus+of+parasitoid+wasp+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29+from+Borneo&rft.description=Wallaceaphytis%3A+an+unusual+new+genus+of+parasitoid+wasp+%28Hymenoptera%3A+Aphelinidae%29+from+Borneo&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F00222933.2013.852264&rft.creator=Andrew+Polaszak%2C+Thomas+Ayshford%2C+Bakhtiar+Effendi+Yahya+%26+Lucian+Fusu&rft.date=2014&rft.language=en"> </span></span>

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